Provenance Specimen

Liraglutide (public encyclopedia provenance reconstruction)

Reconstructed from 20 public encyclopedia revisions showing article evolution

Illustrative

POSITION Provenance reconstruction

CONTEXT Metabolic

UPDATED Phase 1 · automated · public encyclopedia revision history

Source

20 revisions 22 claim families 36 variants 3 events

Reproducibility

Single-analyst automated reconstruction. Two-analyst reproducibility validation has not yet been performed on this specimen.

0/0 Family overlap

0/0 Variant overlap

0 Documented disagreement

Failed Reproducibility gate

Re-review trigger

Review recommended

Evidence movement detected relative to stated reliance. Review when practical.

Evidence trajectory is moderate based on 22 claim families and 22 assessments.
Reliance scope is strong from 1 endorsement(s) and 2 operational-use commitment(s).
Feasibility signals are strong from assertion scan for restrictions and approvals.
Reproducibility gate has not passed (1 analyst(s)); trigger is downgraded one level.

Assessments

Family	Direction	Variants	Last change	Basis
fam-sentence-1	stable	2	2008-02-17	analyst asserted
fam-sentence-2	stable	1	2008-02-17	analyst asserted
fam-sentence-3	stable	3	2008-02-17	analyst asserted
fam-sentence-4	stable	1	2008-02-17	analyst asserted
fam-sentence-5	stable	1	2008-02-17	analyst asserted
fam-sentence-6	stable	1	2008-02-17	analyst asserted
fam-sentence-7	stable	1	2008-02-17	analyst asserted
fam-sentence-8	stable	2	2008-02-17	analyst asserted
fam-sentence-9	stable	1	2008-02-17	analyst asserted
fam-sentence-10	stable	1	2008-02-17	analyst asserted
fam-sentence-11	stable	3	2008-02-17	analyst asserted
fam-sentence-12	stable	3	2008-02-17	analyst asserted
fam-sentence-13	stable	1	2008-02-17	analyst asserted
fam-sentence-14	stable	3	2008-02-17	analyst asserted
fam-sentence-15	stable	1	2008-02-17	analyst asserted
fam-sentence-16	stable	4	2008-02-17	analyst asserted
fam-sentence-17	stable	1	2008-02-17	analyst asserted
fam-sentence-18	stable	1	2008-02-17	analyst asserted
fam-sentence-19	stable	1	2008-02-17	analyst asserted
fam-sentence-20	stable	1	2008-02-17	analyst asserted
fam-sentence-21	stable	1	2008-02-17	analyst asserted
fam-sentence-22	stable	2	2008-02-17	analyst asserted

Claim Families

Following subcutaneous administration, the protracted action... 2 variants · 1 relationships

var-fam-sentence-1-1

Following subcutaneous administration, the protracted action profile is based on three mechanisms: binding to albumin and enzymatic stability towards the DPP-IV enzyme both of which result in a long plasma half-life, and self-association which results in a slow absorption

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

var-fam-sentence-1-2

Following subcutaneous administration, the protracted action profile is based on three mechanisms: binding to albumin and enzymatic stability towards the Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme both of which result in a long plasma half-life, and self-association which results in a slow absorption

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

Relationships

qualifies var-fam-sentence-1-1 → var-fam-sentence-1-2

Liraglutide action is mediated via a specific interaction wi... 1 variants · 0 relationships

var-fam-sentence-2-1

Liraglutide action is mediated via a specific interaction with GLP-1 receptors, leading to an increase in cAMP

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

Liraglutide stimulates insulin secretion and improves beta-c... 3 variants · 2 relationships

var-fam-sentence-3-1

Liraglutide stimulates insulin secretion and improves beta-cell function in a glucose-dependent manner

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

var-fam-sentence-3-2

Simultaneously, liraglutide lowers inappropriately high glucagon secretion, also in a glucose dependent manner

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

var-fam-sentence-3-3

Liraglutide stimulates insulin secretion and improves beta-cell function in a glucose dependent manner

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

Relationships

qualifies var-fam-sentence-3-1 → var-fam-sentence-3-2

qualifies var-fam-sentence-3-2 → var-fam-sentence-3-3

Thus, when blood glucose is high, insulin secretion is stimu... 1 variants · 0 relationships

var-fam-sentence-4-1

Thus, when blood glucose is high, insulin secretion is stimulated and glucagon secretion is inhibited

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

Liraglutide does not impair glucagon response during hypogly... 1 variants · 0 relationships

var-fam-sentence-5-1

Liraglutide does not impair glucagon response during hypoglycaemia

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

Furthermore, the mechanism of blood glucose lowering involve... 1 variants · 0 relationships

var-fam-sentence-6-1

Furthermore, the mechanism of blood glucose lowering involves a minor decrease in gastric emptying

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

Liraglutide reduces body weight and body fat mass, by a mech... 1 variants · 0 relationships

var-fam-sentence-7-1

Liraglutide reduces body weight and body fat mass, by a mechanism of reduced hunger and lowered energy intake

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

Liraglutide has been shown to delay the progression of diabe... 2 variants · 1 relationships

var-fam-sentence-8-1

Liraglutide has been shown to delay the progression of diabetes in animal models of pre-diabetes

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

var-fam-sentence-8-2

Liraglutide has been shown to delay the progression of diabetes in animal models of prediabetes

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

Relationships

qualifies var-fam-sentence-8-1 → var-fam-sentence-8-2

Liraglutide has been shown in vitro to be a potent agent for... 1 variants · 0 relationships

var-fam-sentence-9-1

Liraglutide has been shown in vitro to be a potent agent for specific stimulation of beta-cell proliferation and prevention of both cytokine and free fatty acid induced apoptosis

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

In vivo, liraglutide increases insulin biosynthesis, and bet... 1 variants · 0 relationships

var-fam-sentence-10-1

In vivo, liraglutide increases insulin biosynthesis, and beta-cell mass in diabetic animal models

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

References: [http://www.glucagon.com/liraglutide.htm] 3 variants · 2 relationships

var-fam-sentence-11-1

References: [http://www.glucagon.com/liraglutide.htm]

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

var-fam-sentence-11-2

Drucker Lab [http://www.glucagon.com/liraglutide.htm]

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

var-fam-sentence-11-3

Drucker Lab [http://www.glucagon.com/liraglutide.htm] Novo Nordisk R&D Pipeline [http://www.novonordisk.net/press/rd_pipeline/rd_pipeline.asp?showid=5]

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

Relationships

qualifies var-fam-sentence-11-1 → var-fam-sentence-11-2

qualifies var-fam-sentence-11-2 → var-fam-sentence-11-3

In a phase 2 trial enrolling 165 patients with type 2 diabet... 3 variants · 2 relationships

var-fam-sentence-12-1

In a phase 2 trial enrolling 165 patients with type 2 diabetes, 14 weeks of liraglutide monotherapy reduced the estimated mean HbA1c values by 1.74% vs placebo from an average baseline of 8.5% and FPG by 3.4 mmol/l without hypoglycemic episodes

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

var-fam-sentence-12-2

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

var-fam-sentence-12-3

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

Relationships

qualifies var-fam-sentence-12-1 → var-fam-sentence-12-2

qualifies var-fam-sentence-12-2 → var-fam-sentence-12-3

A dose-dependent decrease in body weight was observed, with ... 1 variants · 0 relationships

var-fam-sentence-13-1

A dose-dependent decrease in body weight was observed, with a mean weight loss of 3.0 kg in the 1.9-mg liraglutide group

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

Significant improvements in indices of beta cell function an... 3 variants · 2 relationships

var-fam-sentence-14-1

Significant improvements in indices of beta cell function and blood pressure were also found along with a decrease in fasting glucagon with lira 1.9 mg

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

var-fam-sentence-14-2

Significant improvements in indices of beta cell function and systolic blood pressure decrease of 2–3 mmHg were also found along with a decrease in fasting glucagon with lira 1.9 mg

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

var-fam-sentence-14-3

Furthermore, a significant improvement in systolic blood pressure and a reduction of body weight of between 3 and 4 kg were seen in patients treated with liraglutide when compared to patients treated with glimepiride

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

Relationships

qualifies var-fam-sentence-14-1 → var-fam-sentence-14-2

qualifies var-fam-sentence-14-2 → var-fam-sentence-14-3

The LEAD programme evaluated the efficacy and safety of lira... 1 variants · 0 relationships

var-fam-sentence-15-1

The LEAD programme evaluated the efficacy and safety of liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes either as monotherapy (LEAD 3) or in combination with metformin (LEAD 2), glimepiride (LEAD 1), metformin and rosiglitazone (LEAD 4) or metformin and glimepiride (LEAD 5)

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

Liraglutide treatment resulted in around 40-50% of patients ... 4 variants · 3 relationships

var-fam-sentence-16-1

Liraglutide treatment resulted in around 40-50% of patients reaching the American Diabetes Association goal of HbA1c < 7% at study completion

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

var-fam-sentence-16-2

However, among the patients that were previously treated with only a single oral antidiabetic drug, liraglutide treatment resulted in around 50-60% of patients reaching this goal

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

var-fam-sentence-16-3

Liraglutide treatment resulted in around 40-50% of patients reaching the American Diabetes Association goal of HbA1c Novo Nordisk R&D Pipeline [http://www.novonordisk.net/press/rd_pipeline/rd_pipeline.asp?showid=5]

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

var-fam-sentence-16-4

Liraglutide treatment resulted in around 40-50% of patients reaching the American Diabetes Association goal of HbA1c Dr D

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

Relationships

qualifies var-fam-sentence-16-1 → var-fam-sentence-16-2

qualifies var-fam-sentence-16-2 → var-fam-sentence-16-3

qualifies var-fam-sentence-16-3 → var-fam-sentence-16-4

These success rates were the result of an HbA1c reduction of... 1 variants · 0 relationships

var-fam-sentence-17-1

These success rates were the result of an HbA1c reduction of approximately 1 to 1.5 percentage points

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

HbA1c was sustained for up to 12 months of liraglutide thera... 1 variants · 0 relationships

var-fam-sentence-18-1

HbA1c was sustained for up to 12 months of liraglutide therapy

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

The HbA1c reduction achieved in the liraglutide group was mo... 1 variants · 0 relationships

var-fam-sentence-19-1

The HbA1c reduction achieved in the liraglutide group was more than 0.2 percentage points better than in the insulin glargine group, a difference which is statistically significant

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

In LEAD 2, liraglutide-treated patients achieved blood gluco... 1 variants · 0 relationships

var-fam-sentence-20-1

In LEAD 2, liraglutide-treated patients achieved blood glucose control with low levels of hypoglycaemia similar to placebo, contrasting with the glimepiride-treated group where hypoglycaemia occurred in a larger number of patients

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

The most frequently reported adverse event during liraglutid... 1 variants · 0 relationships

var-fam-sentence-21-1

The most frequently reported adverse event during liraglutide treatment was nausea at an absolute level of between 5% and 20%

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

The GLP-1 receptor is the target for native GLP-1, an endoge... 2 variants · 1 relationships

var-fam-sentence-22-1

The GLP-1 receptor is the target for native GLP-1, an endogenous incretin hormone that potentiates glucose-dependent insulin secretion from thepancreatic beta cells

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

var-fam-sentence-22-2

The GLP-1 receptor is the target for native GLP-1, an endogenous incretin hormone that potentiates glucose-dependent insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta cells

Seen: 2008-02-17 · Basis: normalized

Relationships

qualifies var-fam-sentence-22-1 → var-fam-sentence-22-2

Events

2010-01-25 FDA approves liraglutide for type 2 diabetes FDA approves liraglutide (Victoza) for improving glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes.

2014-12-23 FDA approves liraglutide for chronic weight management FDA approves liraglutide (Saxenda) for chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight with at least one

2024-01-01 ADA Standards of Care endorse liraglutide class American Diabetes Association Standards of Care recommend liraglutide and other GLP-1 receptor agonists for type 2 diabe

Review Decisions

adopt Confident

Family: fam-sentence-3 · Trigger: FDA approves liraglutide for type 2 diabetes · Impact: support-enhanced

FDA approval provides direct operationalization for the T2D mechanism claim.

amend Confident

Family: fam-sentence-7 · Trigger: FDA approves liraglutide for chronic weight management · Impact: support-enhanced

FDA obesity approval narrows the weight-loss claim from observational to approved indication without changing the family scope.

retain-with-caveats Uncertain

Family: fam-sentence-3 · Trigger: ADA Standards of Care endorse liraglutide class · Impact: support-enhanced

ADA endorsement supports the claim but is inferred from guideline language; retain with ASCVD qualification.

Institutional Reliance

Wikipedia reference medium

http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/full/25/8/1398

on unspecified variant

citation_added in revision 192131328

2008-02-17 · Basis: inferred

Wikipedia reference medium

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/551640

on unspecified variant

citation_added in revision 192131328

2008-02-17 · Basis: inferred

Wikipedia reference medium

http://www.medpagetoday.com/MeetingCoverage/AACE/tb/5480

on unspecified variant

citation_added in revision 192131328

2008-02-17 · Basis: inferred

Wikipedia reference medium

http://www.glucagon.com/liraglutide.htm

on unspecified variant

citation_removed in revision 192131328

2008-02-17 · Basis: inferred

Wikipedia reference medium

http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/full/30/6/1608

on unspecified variant

citation_added in revision 192133935

2008-02-17 · Basis: inferred

Wikipedia reference medium

http://www.novonordisk.net/press/sea/sea.asp?sNewsTypeGUID=&lMonth=0&lYear=2007&sLanguageCode=en-GB&sSearchText=liraglutide&sShowNewsItemGUID=0611b01a-e3c2-4ea4-9986-c28247e5021c&sShowLanguageCode=en-GB

on unspecified variant

citation_added in revision 192138024

2008-02-17 · Basis: inferred

Wikipedia reference medium

http://www.novonordisk.net/press/sea/sea.asp?sNewsTypeGUID=&lMonth=0&lYear=2007&sLanguageCode=en-GB&sSearchText=liraglutide&sShowNewsItemGUID=200a7488-b399-4a27-b379-9250effdfe30&sShowLanguageCode=en-GB

on unspecified variant

citation_added in revision 192138024

2008-02-17 · Basis: inferred

FDA operational-use high

Liraglutide (Victoza) approval for type 2 diabetes, NDA 022341

on var-fam-sentence-3-1

FDA approval operationalizes the claim that liraglutide stimulates insulin secretion and improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.

2010-01-25 · Basis: institution confirmed

FDA operational-use high

Liraglutide (Saxenda) approval for chronic weight management, NDA 206321

on var-fam-sentence-7-1

FDA approval for chronic weight management operationalizes the claim that liraglutide reduces body weight and fat mass.

2014-12-23 · Basis: institution confirmed

American Diabetes Association endorsement medium

Standards of Care in Diabetes — Glycemic Goals

on var-fam-sentence-3-1

ADA Standards of Care endorse liraglutide and other GLP-1 receptor agonists for type 2 diabetes, particularly when ASCVD is present.

2024-01-01 · Basis: inferred

Source Citations

No source citations captured.

Cross-specimen impact propagation

Changes in related specimens can affect this claim history. These links are the seed of monitoring: they show where an event in one domain should trigger reconsideration in another.

→ Outgoing scope-broadened high

To: GLP-1 receptor agonist (public encyclopedia provenance reconstruction) · family fam-sentence-2

FDA approval of liraglutide for chronic weight management broadens the GLP-1 class claim about licensed indications, adding obesity/weight-management to the class narrative.

Triggered by event: FDA approves liraglutide for chronic weight management

← Incoming support-enhanced medium

From: GLP-1 receptor agonist (public encyclopedia provenance reconstruction) · family fam-sentence-3

The GLP-1 class ADA endorsement inferred in the GLP-1 specimen also supports liraglutide's T2D claim, demonstrating how class-level institutional reliance propagates to member drugs.

Triggered by event: ADA Standards of Care endorse liraglutide class

What this specimen demonstrates

This public example shows a capability NextConsensus can deploy now: reconstructing how a medical claim changed across source versions, grouping related statements into claim families, surfacing where the record was disputed or weakened, linking claims to evidence of institutional reliance, and propagating impacts across related specimens.

The underlying method preserves source-addressable artifacts, extracted assertions, claim identity, reviewer-attributed state, reliance inferences, and cross-specimen impact links. The specimen is illustrative; it is not a recommendation for clinical or institutional action.

Classification

Evidentiary

public encyclopedia version identifiers
Edit timestamps
Editor usernames
Edit comments
Citation URLs
Page move records
Template changes

Derived

Sentence-level diffs (before/after)
Citation added/removed events
Section reorganization events
Edit magnitude (minor/moderate/major)
Content change type
Key terms extraction
Direction signal (strengthening/weakening/neutral)

Inferred

Claim family membership
Claim variant relationships
Confidence assignment
Impact direction
Decision rationale reconstruction
Reliance commitment interpretation